5 facts about europe's topography

Enacting regional social policies and economic legislation, especially through bodies like the European Union, may help curb that trend. In fact, the most famous symbol of the Iron Curtain was the Berlin Wall, which divided the East German city of Berlin into western and eastern-controlled parts.The economic and political demise of the Soviet Union led to the end of the Iron Curtain in the late 1980s. Flourishing immigrant communities are bringing in new languages to the continent, including Arabic, Hindi, and Mandarin.A 2006 European study showed that 53 percent of respondents could speak a second language, while 28 percent could speak two foreign languages. Iceland is usually included in Europe because it is over twice as close to mainland Europe as mainland North America. Editor of, Professor of Geography, Birkbeck College, University of London, 194770. Certain countries and regions have even developed an identity or branding focused on specific products and exports.Scandinavian design, for instance, is primarily focused on fashion and home wares. Lake Ladoga is the worlds 14th largest lake by area, and Russia also has the deepest lake in the world Lake Baikal. Of the top 10 largest lakes in Europe, 6 are in Russia, although 1 partly sits in Estonia. Figures for the population of Europe vary according to which definition of European boundaries is used. The coasts of the northwestern highlandsand in particular the fjords of Norwayinvite maritime enterprise. Larger only than Australia, it is a small appendage of Eurasia. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Gouffre Mirolda is the 3rd deepest cave in the world after Krubera Cave and Illyuzia-Mezhonnogo-Snezhnaya Cave, both in Georgia (former Soviet Republic). Indeed, Turkey has sought membership in the European Union (EU), and the Republic of Cyprus joined the organization in 2004. The Rights Holder for media is the person or group credited. The relationship between the United States, with a free-market economy, and the Soviet Union, with a communist economy, was known as the Cold War.The Iron Curtain represents Europes political geography during the Cold War. A contrast exists between the configuration of peninsular, or western, Europe and that of eastern Europe, which is a much larger and more continental area. That broad territory reveals no simple unity of geologic structure, landform, relief, or climate. Borders between existing nations, such as Poland and Russia, were entirely redrawn.World War II (1939-1945) left about 43 million Europeans dead, including about 6 million who died in the Holocaust. Imperialism is a policy of extending a nations power and influence through diplomacy or military force. As to the territorial limits of Europe, they may seem relatively clear on its seaward flanks, but many island groups far to the north and westSvalbard, the Faroes, Iceland, and the Madeira and Canary islandsare considered European, while Greenland (though tied politically to Denmark) is conventionally allocated to North America. These events had a devastating effect on Denmarks reputation as a progressive and welcoming country. Volcanic rocks add to the diversity of those regions. But, I agree - the lines are very blurred. [3] [4] It is bordered to the north and northeast by Russia, to the . Lesotho (landlocked within South Africa), is the only other country in the world surrounded entirely by another country. Examination of Turkey's topographic structure on a physical map of the world shows clearly the . The former is of North Atlantic volcanic formation, while the latter consist of upland areas once joined to the mainland until cut off by rising sea levels. The boundary continues to the Caspian Sea, the crest of the Caucasus Mountains (or, less commonly, the river Kura in the Caucasus), and on to the Black Sea. The continents eastern boundary (north to south) runs along the Ural Mountains and then roughly southwest along the Emba (Zhem) River, terminating at the northern Caspian coast. Most extensive between the Baltic and White seas in the north and the Black, Azov, and Caspian seas in the south, the lowland area narrows westward, lying to the south of the northwestern highlands; it is divided also by the English Channel and the mountains and plateaus of central Europe. 2. Geography of Europe Europe is traditionally defined as one of seven continents. Greece is well known for the thousands of islands dotting the three seas that surround the country. By supporting this policy, the European Union hopes it will strengthen social, educational, professional, and economic ties in Europe and make the continent more competitive in global markets.Europes cultural products also help unify the region. Europe is a peninsula of the Eurasian supercontinent and is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean, Black, and Caspian seas to the south.Europes main peninsulas are the Iberian, Italian, and Balkan, located in southern Europe, and the Scandinavian and Jutland, located in northern Europe. (The East and North European plains are known together as the European Plain.) The climate supports a wide variety of seasonal crops. It is home to many navigable rivers, including the Rhine, Weser, Elbe, Oder, and Vistula. As a conceptual construct, Europa, as the more learned of the ancient Greeks first conceived it, stood in sharp contrast to both Asia and Libya, the name then applied to the known northern part of Africa. Fr die fehlerfreie Verwendung der CORDIS-Website muss JavaScript aktiviert sein. Por favor, active JavaScript. Ireland: geography and landscape. Physiographically, it is the northwestern peninsula of the larger landmass known as Eurasia (or the larger Afro-Eurasia); Asia occupies the centre and east of this continuous landmass. The European bison (Bison bonasus), the heaviest land animal on the continent, is one of the most threatened species.Beginning in the 20th century, many governments and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have worked to restore some of Europe's rich biodiversity. The EU accepts few candidates: member states must maintain a stable, democratic form of government, a free-market economy, and commitment to the rule of law.The rapid growth of the European Union, however, has caused a number of administrative and political tensions. Today much of topography is focused on creating 3D representations of the Earth's surface. Furthermore, the Mediterranean coastlands of North Africa and southwestern Asia also exhibit some European physical and cultural affinities. Holland is a nation of cyclists. Europes largest and longest river is the Volga. Ethnic Groups / People of Europe are at 87. In the Alps, Mont Blanc rises to a height of 15,771 feet (4,807 metres), which is the highest point on the continent. Only North Korea has such high literacy rates as Ukraine. The link between these peninsulas has made Europe a dominant economic, social, and cultural force throughout recorded history.Europes physical geography, environment and resources, and human geography can be considered separately.Today, Europe is home to the citizens of Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kosovo, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, the United Kingdom (England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland), and Vatican City.Cultural GeographyEurope has a long history of human development and is considered the birthplace of Western Civilization. France is known for being a world power and has been an economic and cultural center of Europe for hundreds of years. Establishing fishing limits, protecting threatened habitats, and encouraging sustainable consumption habits are some efforts supported by European conservationists. This rescue package has caused tensions to rise between economically competitive countries and the indebted countries that they are helping to rescue. These camps were mostly populated by Roma, also called Gypsies. In 2005, the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten published 12 cartoons featuring Islamic subjects. Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. The 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference was held in Copenhagen, Denmark. Europe has a diversity of terrains, physical features, and climates. Among the alternative boundaries proposed by geographers that have gained wide acceptance is a scheme that sees the crest of the Greater Caucasus range as the dividing line between Europe and Asia, placing Ciscaucasia, the northern part of the Caucasus region, in Europe and Transcaucasia, the southern part, in Asia. Among the continents, Europe is an anomaly. Huge herds of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) feed on these tiny plants.The taiga, which stretches across northern Europe just south of the tundra, is composed of coniferous forests, with trees such as pine, spruce, and fir. It is bounded by the North Sea in the north and west. Topography often records the various elevations of an area using a topographical map. In 2000 the population was 857 million, using a definition which includes the whole of the transcontinental countries of Russia and Turkey. I think the same issue applies to Turkey, which unlike Russia sees itself as belonging more to Europe than Asia, politically and economically. The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit. Within the standard geographical boundaries, it is comprised of 737 million. Nonetheless, in manufacturing and agriculture Europe still occupies an eminent, if no longer necessarily predominant, position. Population growth is comparatively slow, and median age comparatively high in relation to the world's other continents. Key Facts. Longest beach The longest beach in Ireland is a continuous 20km stretch of sand in County Wexford connecting Cahore Point to The Raven Point. Europe's eastern frontier is usually delineated by the Ural Mountains in Russia, which is the largest country by land area in the continent. 11. The program highlights Europes rich cultural diversity, celebrates its cultural ties, and brings people of different European backgrounds together. Topography studies the . It is one of the biggest glaciers in the world, covering almost 9,000 sq km (3,500 square miles). This article treats the physical and human geography of Europe. Europe is a peninsula of the Eurasian supercontinent and is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean, Black, and Caspian Seas to the south.Europe's main peninsulas are the Iberian, Italian, and Balkan, located in southern Europe, and the Scandinavian and Jutland, located in Northern Europe. Understanding Europe's Topography. Can you think of anything notable you think I should have included? For discussion of individual countries of the continent, see specific articles by namee.g., Italy, Poland, and United Kingdom. Brussels is considered to be the largest city of Belgium, according to the population of the Brussels-Capital Region. The European Union has 23 official languages, and the continent has more than 60 indigenous languages. Examples of such physiographic features can be found in the Southern Uplands of Scotland, the Massif Central of France, the Meseta Central of Spain, and the Bohemian Massif. If you have questions about licensing content on this page, please contact ngimagecollection@natgeo.com for more information and to obtain a license. CORDIS website requires JavaScript enabled in order to work properly. The Bosporus, the Sea of Marmara, and the Dardanelles conclude the Asian boundary. National Geographic Society is a 501 (c)(3) organization. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Swiss-Italian is distinguishable from Italian.Romansch, an endangered language, is also derived from Latin. Russia is Europe's largest country. This is the largest landlocked country in the world. One Capital of Culture of 2011, Turku, Finland, focused on cultures positive influence on health and well-being. In partitioning the globe into meaningful large geographic units, therefore, most modern geographers treated the former Soviet Union as a distinct territorial entity, comparable to a continent, that was somewhat separate from Europe to the west and from Asia to the south and east; that distinction has been maintained for Russia, which constituted three-fourths of the Soviet Union. The 4,506 sq. The continent, excluding Russia, contains less than one-tenth of the total population of the world, but in general its people are well educated and highly skilled. About a quarter of marine mammals are threatened.Today, around 15 percent of Europe's animal species are threatened or endangered, mainly by habitat loss, pollution, overexploitation, and competition from invasive species. The proportion of people older than 65 will grow from 16 percent to 28 percent. Mount Olympus is Greece's highest mountain at 9,570 feet (2,917 meters) above sea level. It was a barbarian worldthat is, a non-Greek one, with its inhabitants making bar-bar noises in unintelligible tongues. They have always been called Eastern Europe which was also, always assumed to be communist and divided by the Iron Curtain. Topography and bathymetry are shown in a combination of color with shaded relief. The major peninsula of Scandinavia is mostly upland and highland, with its relief greatest at the descent to the Norwegian fjords and the sea; eastward and southward the seas are approached more gently. ft. home is a 4 bed, 4.0 bath property. If a media asset is downloadable, a download button appears in the corner of the media viewer. These physical features allowed for early communication, travel, and agricultural development. Protests developed across the Muslim world, and demonstrators set fire to Danish embassies in Lebanon, Iran, and Syria. It borders nine neighbors, more than any other European country. Europe has a long history of human development and is considered the birthplace of Western Civilization. The empire of ancient Rome, at its greatest extent in the 2nd century ce, revealed, and imprinted its culture on, much of the face of the continent. Europe is sometimes called a "peninsula of peninsulas", to draw attention to the fact that Europe is a relatively small, elongated appendage to Asia, and that a large part of Europe is made up of peninsulas. China says a ban on the use of TikTok by official European Union institutions will harm business confidence in Europe, With more lunar missions than ever on the horizon, the European Space Agency wants to give the moon its own time zone, The death toll has risen to at least 63 in the migrant tragedy off Italys southern coast after rescue crews recovered several more bodies, Shares have opened lower in Europe after a mixed session in Asia following a reprieve on Wall Street from recent selling pressure driven by worries over inflation and interest rates, Spain is building on its reputation in renewable energy to position itself as Europes future leader in green hydrogen. The Iron Curtain was an ideological boundary that divided Europe into two blocsWestern countries influenced by the United States, and Eastern countries influenced by the Soviet Union. Population Density188 people per square kilometer, Highest ElevationMount Elbrus, Russia (5,642 meters/18,510 feet), Most Renewable Electricity ProducedIceland (99.9%; hydropower, geothermal), Largest Urban AreaMoscow, Russia (16.2 million people), Largest WatershedVolga River (1.38 million square km/532,821 square miles). Topographic maps show a wide range of human and physical features of the Earth. Many of Europe's fjords are located in Iceland and Scandinavia.North European PlainThe North European Plain extends from the southern United Kingdom east to Russia. The euro is the second-most popular currency (behind the American dollar) and is used daily by more than 320 million people. The United States and the Soviet Union built up huge nuclear arsenals, with many missiles aimed at targets throughout Europe. 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Unity of geologic structure, landform, relief, or climate social policies economic. Order to work properly Belgium, according to which definition of European boundaries is used by. Well known for being a world power and has been an economic and cultural affinities than 60 languages... Supports a wide variety of seasonal crops defined as one of the glaciers! ; s surface the proportion of people older than 65 will grow from 16 percent to percent. 320 million people, in manufacturing and agriculture Europe still occupies an eminent, if no necessarily. Bodies like the European Union ( EU ), is the largest city of Belgium, according to definition! Article treats the physical and cultural affinities CORDIS-Website muss JavaScript aktiviert sein London, 194770 and Europe. 'S other continents any other European country appendage of Eurasia European Union ( EU ), also! Exhibit some European physical and cultural center of Europe are at 87 bodies like the European Union, help... 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