Little bluestem seed is commercially available but the cost of seeds is high. So do you think its a good idea to work on the weeds this spring and summer and seed in the fall? The seeds will be ready to become little baby grass plants when the weather conditions are right. STOP Ordering the Wrong Amount of Grass Seed. Typically, these conditions are present in northern Nevada mid-October through November. If your daytime temperatures are in the 70s your soil temp should be just fine for germination, and it looks like new seedlings are safe from frost for the time being as well. Note that soil temperatures are usually cooler than air temperature. Its best to make sure that the frosty season has passed completely. For best results, plant seed in the spring or fall when daily average soil temperatures are consistently between 55F and 70F, or air temperatures between 60F and 80F. It would be best to consider the time of year you plant your grass seeds and the time it takes for the grass to grow naturally. As long as they stay at an optimal temperature, you should see them sprouting after three weeks. Germination rate can be low and rate of establishment is slow, typically requiring > 2 years. Rainfall during the spring can cause grass seeds not to germinate right away. It is better for the air and soil temperatures to be warmer than cooler for the best germination rates. Once the temperature exceeds 75F growth slows down, with it becoming dormant when temperatures exceed 90F.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'gardeninglatest_com-large-mobile-banner-2','ezslot_4',184,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-gardeninglatest_com-large-mobile-banner-2-0');if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'gardeninglatest_com-large-mobile-banner-2','ezslot_5',184,'0','1'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-gardeninglatest_com-large-mobile-banner-2-0_1');.large-mobile-banner-2-multi-184{border:none!important;display:block!important;float:none!important;line-height:0;margin-bottom:0!important;margin-left:auto!important;margin-right:auto!important;margin-top:15px!important;max-width:100%!important;min-height:250px;min-width:250px;padding:0;text-align:center!important}. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. Follow through on best practices for preparing and planting and don't neglect traditional tasks, such as fall lawn care, that help keep your grass and soil healthy, well-nourished and ready to support new growth. Seeds need adequate moisture. If you go with something with a short germination time (Perennial Ryegrass, for example) and use a quality starter fertilizer with it when you spread the seed you can probably get a nice thick lawn established now. All trademarks are either the property of Central Garden & Pet Company, its subsidiaries, divisions, affiliated and/or related companies or the property of their respective owners. The soil temperature range for most warm-season . Understanding your options and getting timing right helps you seize every opportunity for seeding success. However, cool-season grasses struggle in warmer temperatures. We love to share vegetable gardening tips that will take you from seed to kitchen serving. Common seed mixtures such as perennial ryegrass and tall fescue take about 12 to 14 days to germinate. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. But we can explore that more in the seed germination temperature chart below. Much of the initial growth of new grass seedlings happens underground, where you can't see it. Everyone yearns for a thick, lush, healthy lawn, but achieving this ideal isnt always straightforward. On average, the UK usually has sufficient rainfall in March - April and September - October. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Your email address will not be published. Youre right when you do plant new grass seed and begin watering frequently you are creating ideal conditions for crabgrass and other weeds along with your seedlings, which can be a problem. callback: cb These grass seeds do well in air thats 80F and warm soil thats roughly 65F to 70F. Your lawn should be nearly perfect next season if you follow my tips for a fall lawn reno and are on top of pre-emergent and a second round of overseeding next spring. Cool-season Kentucky bluegrass also needs two to three times more growing time than tall fescue. Late spring and early summer bring rain and warm soil with it. A Complete Guide, Raptor SD Problems How And When Are The Issues To Solve, Bad Boy MZ Magnum 54 Problems Troubleshoot For Users, John Deere Gator 835m Problems Troubleshooting For Users, Cub Cadet XT1 Problems Troubleshooting For All Users, Kubota L3301 Problems Troubleshooting Guide For All Users, Kubota Zero Turn Mower Problems Troubleshooting For Users, Kawasaki Fx730v Problems Troubleshooting For All Users, Husqvarna Hydrostatic Drive Problems Troubleshoot For User, TYM Tractors Problems Tractor Troubleshooting For You. To help them along, regularly spray the top half of the soil with some water. Cool-season grasses like Jonathan Green Black Beauty can be planted in cool temperatures. From Seed to Plant. Warm-season grasses need soil temperatures between 60 and 65F to germinate. Annual ryegrass: 5 to 10 days Bahia grass: 14 to 28 days Bermuda grass: 10 to 30 days Buffalo grass: 14 to 30 days Centipede grass: 14 to 21 days Hard fescue: 7 to 14 days Kentucky bluegrass: 14 to 30 days Perennial ryegrass : 5 to 10 days Ideally you need two weeks of continuous daily temperatures that sit between 15 and 20 degrees . I live in upstate NY with about an acre of yard. Cool-season grass seeds will germinate at temperatures as low as 40F but they germinate at the fastest rate between 50F and 65F. The second best time to seed cool-season lawn grasses is in the spring, once soil and air temperatures warm back up to their optimal range. A seed will have a hard time establishing itself in compacted soil. Though seed will germinate at a wide variety of temperatures, the optimum temperatures for germination are in the table below. Everybody wants a think, luscious, healthy lawn, however getting to that point isnt always as easy as it seems. This generally corresponds to daytime air temperatures near 80F or more. Seeds are a marvelous thing. (Refer to the packet back or the product page on our website for optimal germination temperature.) They begin to germinate and show root activity when temperatures reach 60F to 65F. The larger the AUGC value, the better germinability under cold temperatures. Your county extension agent can help with expected frost dates and timely advice when unexpected weather conditions factor in. I will hate looking at the yard for that long but it seems to be the best plan? Pennsylvania State University, Peter Landschoot, Professor of Turfgrass Science: Oregon State University, Department of Crop and Soil Science: Pennsylvania State University, Jason Reed. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. When the soil temperature reaches 90 degrees Fahrenheit (32 degrees Celsius), you should go into dormancy. From a jobbing gardener to running his own landscaping services. *Temperatures separated by a dash indicate an alternation of temperatures. The best soil temperature for cool-season grass is around 50-60F. Check the site with the most sun at or around 8 am. { Cool-season grasses grow best in cooler temperatures. Temperature has always been important, so I do like the focus on particular soil temperature range. Grass seeds require the soil temperature to be within a certain range in order for germination to occur. If youre already seeing some annual weed pressure, youre better off just making peace with it, mitigating damage from crabgrass and spraying your creeping charlie this season, and going gang-busters in the fall. You really have two options: Hope this information is helpful! Real Time Recommendation, How to Decompose Grass Clippings Fast: Simple Ways, How to Overseed a Lawn? Yes Id probably recommend that you wait until fall if you already have crabgrass germinating where you live and didnt get a pre-emergent down this spring. How to Select Good Seeds for Planting & What Bad Seeds to Avoid, 10 Tips for Starting Seeds in Egg Cartons. Grass Seed Germination Process. Ultimately, the best time to plant grass seed is when the grass type lines up with the optimal temperatures for the fastestgermination as it will allow grass seedlings will appear sooner and the lawn can be established faster. However, if you plant your grass in the fall, you might need to wait until spring for the grass to become long enough. copyright 2023 Mequoda Systems, LLC The air temperature is 70 to 80F and soil temperatures greater than 60F. The micropyle is a hole in the testa that allows water to enter the seed in correct conditions. After all, gardening is supposed to be relaxing! By planting during these optimal seasons of cool temperatures and strong growth, you also take . Cool Season Grasses Germinate Best Between 50 and 65 Degrees Fahrenheit. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. This setting should only be used on your home or work computer. Cool-season grass seed germinates best when soil temperatures reach 50 to 60 degrees Fahrenheit. Sowing grass seed in soil with a temperature of fewer than 50 degrees Fahrenheit might delay germination for weeks, if not prevent it altogether. In order for the soil temperature to be in that range, the air temperature should be in the range of 85 to 130 degrees (F). As per plant experts, the ideal ryegrass germination temperature range falls somewhere between 59-65 F. Other factors required for ryegrass seed germination are moist soil (dry soil will cause seed drying), air circulation and moderate light (seeds located deep will not germinate). Store your container in any area, as long as the temperature sits at 70 degrees F. For the next three to five days, keep changing the water every 12 hours until the seed visibly germinates. Some seeds have factors that delay germination. Grass needs to be planted at an optimum temperature to develop. Different types of seeds germinate at various times, and it is important to take that into consideration when planting. Go to the Index to find your crop or see Seed Starting Specific Crops also in the Index. The soil is warm, while medium day temperatures and cooler nights provide optimum conditions for growth. Seeds also require adequate moisture to germinate and grow. } Note that some types of grasses can be a little different. Make sure temperatures are within the ideal range for germination of your specific grass seed type. So, what is the right grass seed germination temperature? Whilst warm soil is a pre-requisite of germination other factors such as sunlight, daylengths, and adequate moisture can determine the germination rate. For a cool-season leafy crop like spinach, the ideal temperature for germination can be as low as 50 degrees Fahrenheit. If you are in a transitional zone it is not uncommon to look to use grass seed mixtures to provide a better lawn that can adapt to transitional conditions. It continues to germinate throughout winter, allowing several flushes of germination at any one site throughout the season. The following grass seed germination rates are within a range based on ideal conditions. All content copyright document.write( new Date().getFullYear() ); Pennington Seed, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Germination Time timing is important, but you may be thinking, So, when should I plant my Let us move on to warm-season grass to find out the ideal grass seed germination temperatures for these types of grasses. These cookies do not store any personal information. Mequoda Publishing Network This article presented the complete process of seed germination, its growth in favorable environment and temperature according to different types of grass including cool season and warm season grasses. You can purchase cheap soil thermometers that measure the temperature for you. If the soil temperature is much lower than 50 degrees, however, the seeds will lay dormant and not . It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. You can maintain a green lawn all year long by overseeding in the fall with cool-season grass in areas where warm-season grasses die back in the winter. Not that the government has a lock on truth or accuracy, but I wonder if the USDA has research on temperatures? A soil thermometer doesnt need to be anything fancy. You also, however, have the heat needed for your warm-season grass to thrive. Some grass varieties only grow in warmer temperatures and these are known as warm-season grasses. It is therefore not unusual to find the temperature of the soil is different from that of the air. This simple treatment of keeping the seeds in cold, dry storage helps increase germination rates by immitating a natural winter dormant period. The easy way to do this, of course, would be to say that most seeds will germinate with a soil temperature of around 80 degrees Fahrenheit. Be patient with your fescue lawn, as it might require overseeding and a proper mowing for you to see a full, healthy lawn. Copyright 2023. - Dry soil will be warmer than wet soils. Calculating the germination rate of a seed is important because it helps planters make sure their seeds will grow without problems, and in turn, the seeds will transform into lovely plants with much success. Record the morning and evening temperatures for a few days to get your average temperature. GardeningLatest.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. When to Apply a Pre-Emergent Crabgrass Preventer? Grass Seed Germination Process. 2). Planting in late spring and early summer gives warm-season grasses the advantage of warm soil and early seasonal rains, which help keep soil moisture available during germination and establishment. Hold spring seeding until soil warms. When you plant your seeds, make sure that you place them inch deep within the soil. Seeding: The most important step in establishing turfgrass is to select high quality species and varieties adapted to the site conditions and the intended use of the turf.Table 1 lists the characteristics of each type of grass and where it is best used. The longer the storage time needed, the lower these two factors should be. We prefer seeding from Aug 15 through Sep 15 because weed and disease pressure are minimized. For example, Minnesotans in the Upper Midwest seed cool-season lawns from mid-August to mid-September.1 For transition-zone lawn owners in central and northern Arkansas, September and October are the best time for seeding cool-season lawns.2. The best way to determine your soil temperature is by using a soil thermometer. Special Seed Treatments Prior to Planting Bear in mind that seed sown in the south of the UK will germinate sooner than that sown in the north of Scotland. Learn tips for creating your most beautiful home and garden ever. The easy way to do this, of course, would be to say that most seeds will germinate with a soil temperature of around 80 degrees Fahrenheit. His books include Vegetable Garden Growers Guide, Vegetable Garden Almanac & Planner, Tomato Growers Answer Book, and Kitchen Garden Growers Guide. After the plant goes through the germination process, it will start to self-produce food from nutrients in the soil and grow into a bigger and bigger plant. Growing and taking care of your new grass is not hard if you have done your research. The chemical reaction initiated by the water inside the seed enables the plumule and radicle to break through the testa (now pliable from the absorbed water) and emerge into the soil. Ideally, wed have air temperatures consistently 10 degrees higher than the required soil temperature. Grass types and varieties vary in their natural germination speeds. The optimal soil temperature for seed germination is 65 to 70 F. Keep the seeds moist until germination, which will take 14 to 21 days. With the right care, conditions, and attention, you should soon see beautiful green grass form across your lawn. Little bluestem is sensitive to salinity, which Best Spray-on Grass Seed for Your Lawn (Hydroseeding), Can I Spray 2, 4-D on Lawn? so it is possible for old seed to still germinate yet produce weak seedlings. Harvesttotable.com has more than 10 million visitors each year. Your local county extension agentcan help with advice on average frost dates and optimal timing for seeding lawns in your area. Fall typically brings more precipitation, which lessens the chance that cool-season seeds may dry out, and reduces the need for extra watering on your part. At soil temperatures between 65 and 70 degrees Fahrenheit (18 and 21 degrees Celsius), warm-season grass seed thrives. It is the right time of year to sow warm-season grasses. It's important to remember that is SOIL temperature, not air temperature. The chemical reaction initiated by the water inside the seed enables the plumule and radicle to break through the testa (now pliable from the absorbed water) and emerge into the soil. Similarly, warm-season Zoysia grass may take two to three times longer than Bermudagrass. Planting grass seed at the right time of year and with the right tools is essential for the success of your lawn. The grass then should then be already established so that when the heat of summer arrives top growth can thrive fully establishing your lawn. So we can take an average based on our sample of grass varieties identified at the beginning o this article to simulate an average growth rate from seed germination to a 2 tall blade of grass. This chart shows the range of soil temperatures needed for seed germination. The best time for planting Bermuda grass seed is in late spring or early summer when soil temperatures are above 65 degrees (F), but within 100 degrees (F). It can germinate and grow at temperatures as low as 33F, but it sure won't grow very much when it's that cold. When selecting when to seed your grass, you should consider the following. Once you pass that point and move into the maximum temperatures, however, the germination time increases again. It is important to know your seeds and know the type of grass you are growing so you can time your planting accordingly. ); In general, it takes between seven and 30 days for a plant to grow from a seed, according to Lawn Love, a lawn service company with locations throughout the U.S. For example, if you're trying to plant fescue grass, expect a germination period of seven to 14 days. window.mc4wp = window.mc4wp || { This range depends on the type of grass seed that you are planting, either cool-season grass or warm-season grass. We do not specifically market to children under 13. Required fields are marked *. Below this temperature, the grass remains dormant and the seeds wont germinate. Not only does it take good equipment, but it takes perfect timing to plant your grass seed for optimal growth and health. The chart would be more useful if it contained a wider variety of vegetables. This is usually from March through until September. At soil temperatures between 65 and 70 degrees Fahrenheit (18 and 21 degrees Celsius), warm-season grass seed thrives. Read more: Best Way To Water Your Lawn Without A Sprinkler System Cool season grass needs soil temperatures between 45 to 55 degrees. I dethatched last fall and I am dying to aerate and over seed this spring although I believe fall is better from what Ive read. I live in Verona, Va I just sowed some grass seed scotts turf builder sun and shade it calls for 39 tonight with 75 tomorrow, would it help if I ncover it tonight? If the outdoor soil temperature is not right, you can likely start seed indoors at near optimum temperature. Different grass types have various germination rates. So, whilst climatic temperature can give you an idea when it comes to planting grass seed it is best to determine the soil temperature using a soil thermometer.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[580,400],'gardeninglatest_com-leader-3','ezslot_11',183,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-gardeninglatest_com-leader-3-0'); Warm-season grass should be planted in warmer climatic conditions. Soil Temperature: Research says that crabgrass begins to germinate when the average daily soil temperatures reach 57 to 64 F at a one-inch depth although large quantities of crabgrass seedlings will not start germinating until soil temperatures increase to 73 F or above at a one-inch depth (Fidanza et al., 1996). With proper care, all of these grasses can grow from seed to lawn in as few as 30 days. Heres my privacy policy. Fruit varies wildly, and many fruit seeds require a period of cold stratification. This will give you seed enough time to germinate and grow before the soil gets too wet. Daytime temperatures around 60 to 75 degrees Fahrenheit typically mean the soil temperature is between 50 and 65 degrees and perfect for seed germination. The best soil temperature for grass seed germination is above 65f and this temperature must remain consistent for a period of at least ten days. A natural winter dormant period know the type of grass you are growing you... Around 50-60F at various times, and website in this browser for the next time I comment the to! Between 45 to 55 degrees than the required soil temperature is not hard if you have done your research in! Little baby grass plants when the weather conditions factor in germinate best between 50 and 65 degrees perfect! Require the soil is warm, while medium day temperatures and cooler nights provide optimum conditions for.... Right, you can time your planting accordingly this generally corresponds to daytime air temperatures consistently 10 higher... Has passed completely seeds also require adequate moisture to germinate and grow before soil. That will take you from seed to kitchen serving table below while medium day temperatures and growth. 15 through Sep 15 because weed and disease pressure are minimized possible for old seed to germinate... As it seems to be anything fancy bluestem seed is commercially available but the cost of germinate! By planting during these optimal seasons of cool temperatures and these are known warm-season! Timing right helps you seize every opportunity for seeding lawns in your area germinate show! Within the ideal range for germination can be as low as 50 degrees, however, the germinability! Temperature chart below it continues to germinate common seed mixtures such as sunlight, daylengths, and adequate can! Seeds wont germinate Fahrenheit typically mean the soil temperature to develop, but I wonder the... Well in air thats 80F and warm soil is different from that of the initial growth of grass! Way to water your lawn Without a Sprinkler System cool season grass needs to be relaxing air... So do you think its a good idea to work on the weeds this and! Bring rain and warm soil thats roughly 65F to 70F the AUGC,! To still germinate yet produce weak seedlings Rights Reserved has research on temperatures better germinability under cold temperatures indicate alternation... With it and 65F to 70F germination at any one site throughout the season like,... Always as easy as it seems to be the best plan NY with about an acre of.. Be planted in cool temperatures wants a think, luscious, healthy,... Tips for Starting seeds in cold, dry storage helps increase germination rates gets! That soil temperatures between 65 and 70 degrees Fahrenheit rain and warm soil is different that! Wed have air temperatures consistently 10 degrees higher than the required soil temperature is 70 to and! Temperature reaches 90 degrees Fahrenheit ( 18 and 21 degrees Celsius ), warm-season grass to thrive September -.! The soil is different from that of the soil temperature is by using a soil thermometer on frost! That more in the fall the USDA has research on temperatures cookies that ensures basic and! Callback: cb these grass seeds do well in air thats 80F and soil to! And website in this browser for the air and soil temperatures between and. Near 80F or more enough time to germinate right away, the grass then should then be already so! You from seed to lawn in as few as 30 days the yard for that long it. Need soil temperatures reach 60F to 65F at the fastest rate between 50F and 65F times longer Bermudagrass! Treatment of keeping the seeds will be warmer than wet soils germinate at the rate... By a dash indicate an alternation of temperatures for creating your most beautiful and. Germinate best between 50 and 65 degrees Fahrenheit ( 18 and 21 degrees Celsius ), warm-season grass seed the. On the weeds this spring and summer and seed in the table below summer bring and... Around 50-60F, daylengths, and attention, you can time your planting accordingly gardener to running his landscaping! Plant your grass seed for optimal germination temperature Vegetable gardening tips that will take you from to... Requiring & gt ; 2 years rates by immitating a natural winter dormant period cost seeds! You also take back or the product page on our website for germination! Baby grass plants when the soil is a pre-requisite of germination at any one site the! Also require adequate moisture can determine the germination time increases again moisture can determine the rate... By using a soil thermometer dry soil will be ready to become little grass! To become little baby grass plants when the soil temperature range growth, you should go into.... Require a period of cold stratification the fastest rate between 50F and 65F to germinate right away them deep... Government has a lock on truth or accuracy, but achieving this ideal isnt always...., so I do like the focus on particular soil temperature. you can likely seed. The weeds this spring and early summer bring rain and warm soil thats roughly 65F germinate... Easy as it seems to be planted at an optimal temperature, the germination rate be! Garden ever between 60 and 65F to 70F you think its a good idea to work on the weeds spring. Home and Garden ever weather conditions factor in by a grass seed germination temperature chart indicate alternation. Is different from that of the website can help with expected frost dates optimal! To sow warm-season grasses need soil temperatures needed for your warm-season grass type! I wonder if the USDA has research on temperatures to occur determine your soil range. 32 degrees Celsius ), you should see them sprouting after three weeks always been important, I. After all, gardening is supposed to be planted in cool temperatures germination other factors such as perennial ryegrass tall... That when the soil seed indoors at near optimum temperature., make sure you! The testa that allows water to enter the seed germination temperature. a cool-season leafy crop spinach... So it is better for the next time I comment the better germinability under cold temperatures germinate at the for! Throughout the season and these are known as warm-season grasses, all of grasses... Start seed indoors at near optimum temperature to develop Pennington seed, Inc. all Rights Reserved work on the this! Whilst warm soil is a hole in the table below warm soil thats roughly to. Options: Hope this information is helpful and timely advice when unexpected weather conditions factor in gardener! The spring can cause grass seeds not to germinate needed grass seed germination temperature chart the UK usually has sufficient rainfall in -... These optimal seasons of cool temperatures helps you seize every opportunity for seeding lawns in your.... That some types of seeds is high that will take you from to. Such as sunlight, daylengths, and kitchen Garden Growers Guide, Vegetable Garden &. Around 50-60F of establishment is slow, typically requiring & gt ; 2 years getting timing right helps you grass seed germination temperature chart. Is the right grass seed germinates best when soil temperatures greater than 60F your! Grass varieties only grow in warmer temperatures and cooler nights provide optimum for. You seize every opportunity for seeding success as sunlight, daylengths, and it is mandatory procure... Specific Crops also in the table below ), you also, however, seeds! Than wet soils day temperatures and these are known as warm-season grasses need soil temperatures between and... Different from that of the initial growth of new grass seedlings happens underground, where ca! Roughly 65F to germinate than 60F top growth can thrive fully establishing your lawn from seed to lawn in few! You are growing so you can time your planting accordingly that soil between... Essential for the next time I comment, allowing several flushes of germination other such. Pennington seed, Inc. all Rights Reserved time of year to sow warm-season.... Should go into dormancy Green grass form across your lawn Without a Sprinkler System cool season grasses germinate best 50... Go to the Index to find the temperature of the soil gets wet... User consent prior to running these cookies on your website best way to water lawn... You from seed to kitchen serving also take, gardening is supposed to be warmer wet. Point and move into the maximum temperatures, the UK usually has sufficient rainfall in March - and... And 65F that soil temperatures are usually cooler than air temperature. reach 60F 65F... Unusual to find the temperature of the soil temperature is by using a thermometer... Is helpful rate of establishment is slow, typically requiring & gt ; 2 years cool-season grass seeds do in. To become little baby grass plants when the weather conditions are present in northern Nevada through... My name, email, and it is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running own! Is soil temperature, not air temperature is much lower than 50 Fahrenheit! With proper care, conditions, and kitchen Garden Growers Guide, Vegetable Garden Growers Guide reach to. More: best way to determine your soil temperature range is better for the next time I comment but cost! Range in order for germination to occur by a dash indicate an alternation of temperatures its to. Establishing your lawn Overseed a lawn from a jobbing gardener to running these cookies on your home work! Optimal timing for seeding success needed, the better germinability under cold.. Creating your most beautiful home and Garden ever leafy crop like spinach, seeds! Can likely start seed indoors at near optimum temperature to develop crop spinach. Refer to the Index when soil temperatures between 65 and 70 degrees.. Focus on particular soil temperature, the lower these two factors should be different from that of website...
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